Didactic System For Study And Training In Cooling And Air Conditioning With Reverse Cycle (DL CNSPLI-KT)

Didactic station for cooling, with split-type air conditioning of 9000 BTU/h, reverse cycle (hot/cold). An air conditioner is basically a cooler without its cabinet and its basic parts are the compressor and the coil.

It uses the evaporation of a refrigerant fluid (the gas circulating in the coil) to provide cooling. The mechanisms of the cooling cycle are the same as those in an apartment's fridge and air conditioning. It uses a non-flammable gas compressed by a compressor.

Observe the steps of a cooling cycle on an air conditioner:

1. The compressor compresses the cold gas, causing it to heat up at high pressure (shown in red in the diagram above).
2. This hot gas flows through a heat exchanger to dissipate the heat and condense into a liquid state.
3. The liquid flows through an expansion valve and in the process vaporizes to become cold gas at low pressure (shown in blue in the diagram above).
4. This cold gas flows through a heat exchanger which allows the gas to absorb heat and cool the air inside the building. Mixed with the coolant, there is a small amount of low-density oil. This oil lubricates the compressor.

DIDACTIC ACTIVITIES

1. Temperature measurements;
2. Pressure measurements;
3. Alternating current measurements;
4. Understanding the Mollier diagram;
5. Understanding thermodynamic tables;
6. Reheat temperature measurements;
7. Observing system performance by differential temperature measurement;
8. Observation of the physical condition of the gas through a liquid inspection glass;
9. Gas collection;
10. Overheating and undercooling control;
11. Simulation of loss of performance in the capacitor by failure insertion;
12. Observation of the effect of the lack of forced ventilation for heat exchange by failure insertion;
13. Observation of the effect of lack of gas compression by failure insertion;
14. Observation of the effect of forced ventilation with inadequate RPM for heat exchange by failure insertion;
15. Observation and understanding of the operation of a reverse cycle.

The components of the equipment are part of a real air conditioning system, so they clearly show their complete operation and regulation, allowing the student to identify the main components such as pressure gauges, pressure switches, condensers, evaporators, electrical connection diagnostics and monitoring of the working conditions of the machines, this allows students to be trained in maintenance.

In your simulation panel, common mechanical and electrical failures can occur in most air conditioning systems. During operation, the heating and cooling cycles can be regulated, and any physical differences, such as pressure and temperature, can be observed.  

Electrical faults that can be diagnosed are:

FAULT 1: Solenoid switch in bypass

FAULT 2: The blower relay is switched off

FAULT 3: The compressor relay switches off

FAULT 4: The fan condenser is switched off

The insertion of electrical faults causes mechanical failures in the thermo-hydraulic circuit for maintenance and troubleshooting exercises.