Electric Vehicle System (DL AM23)

It has the following technical characteristics:

• 7-segment display to show the vehicle's forward speed and battery charge level,
• Pushbutton ignition key,
• Potentiometers and buttons to select the operational conditions,
• LED bars for:
• battery temperature,
• charging and delivered currents,
• motor rotation speed.
• LED displaying the status of the devices,
• Test jacks/Terminals for measuring and testing,
• Battery voltage test points (*),
• Battery charge test points Vac/Vdc (*),
• Motor control test points – PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) (*),
• Fault entry system with switches and key cover,
• OBD-II Connector,
• USB interface with dynamic display of the parameters on the PC screen,
• Power supply: 220 Vac ± 10%, 50 Hz. (*): All test points report 'real' DC or AC voltage signals, appropriately scaled in value.

The educational program includes the following topics:

• Architecture of an electric vehicle.
• Technical issues and solutions.
• The battery:
• Battery types,
• Charging batteries,
• Battery Management System - BMS,
• Battery Thermal Management System - BTMS.
• The electric motor:
• Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor – PMSM or SMPM,
• Driving with Inverter,
• Data network,
• The motor control unit - ECU.
• Vehicle Operation:
• Motor starting,
• Low and high speed operation,
• Acceleration, deceleration, braking and reverse,
• Regenerative braking,
• CAN Network and OBD Diagnosis,
• Electrical safety.

The system is provided with technical manuals for theory and exercises. The following sections provide more information about the Simulator structure, DLworkspace, Faults insertion, OBD connector and Scantool. Electric Vehicles and the DL AM23 Simulator The Simulator was born from an accurate analysis of the electric vehicles on the market. From this DE LORENZO has developed the: tEV (training Electrical Vehicle). This is a training-oriented vehicle that implements all the technologies that have now become standard for manufacturers: lithium battery, three-phase PMSM synchronous motor, etc. The typical parameters of the tEV, in terms of autonomy, maximum speed, power, etc., were chosen from the average parameters of currently available vehicles. The DL AM23 Simulator refers to the characteristics of the tEV for its parameters and operation. The simulator features numerous test points that report the voltage signals, both direct and alternating, that characterise the battery charging systems and the PMSM engine control system. The EV's high voltage signals are obviously reduced in amplitude for safety reasons. With simple tools such as Multimeter and Oscilloscope it is possible to measure these signals in order to better understand how the devices work. The presence of an OBD connector then allows you to use a Scantool for diagnostic operations as on a real vehicle. DLworkspace The Windows application DLworkspace provides an integrated environment where all the tools for using the Simulator are located and it looks like the figure below:

You may notice:

• the list of topics and lessons on the left,
• the lesson pages in the centre,
• the supervision tools, videos, and management of answers to questions on the right.

The same environment also houses the Simulator's tools for supervision and graphic processing: The status of all mechanical and electrical devices, available on the synoptic panel (Display, LED, bars, etc.), are acquired by DLworkspace via the USB connection. The Simulation Window allows real-time control providing additional information useful during the simulation to monitor additional variables not displayed on the synoptic. All simulation variables can be graphically processed, in real time, using appropriate analog and digital tools. The Analog Chart allows you to view the real-time trend of analog parameters during the simulation. It is possible to select multiple parameters at the same time. The Digital Chart allows you to view the real-time trend of ON-OFF quantities during the simulation. All parameters relating to the graphs, i.e. variables, time base, vertical scale, etc., can be selected at will via the 'setting boxes' of the tools:   Images and Videos Video clips are an increasingly important resource in today's multimedia teaching. The DL AM23 Simulator Training Software uses the DLworkspace video clip support. This importance derives above all from the fact that at the moment the main channels of communication among young people are represented by social media, where videos are widely used, and their production is very simple. Videos are therefore, without a doubt, an important tool to use as they also allow you to express messages characterized by a more effective and immediate communicative value. Faults Insertion The Simulator supports the insertion of faults, during operation, to allow troubleshooting operations. Faults can be entered by the Teacher, or by the Students, in different ways.

Faults Entry by the Teacher

• Via the 16 switches of the Fault Insertion Unit, with access key.
• Via the DLworkspace Fault Entry window, protected by a password.

Faults Entry by the Student

• The Student inserts faults, guided by the Training Software lessons, via the Faults View window of the DLworkspace.
• For each fault, there are questions related to it to verify the correctness of the search.

OBD connector and Scantool

The DL AM23 Simulator is equipped with an OBD connector on the left side that allows connection to a Scantool for diagnostic operations on the vehicle. The control units inside the Simulator are equipped with a CAN-BUS interface and OBD-II protocol. They provide the same diagnostic information as real control units to an external Scantool. A real Scantool is supplied which can be used for diagnosis on any car, compliant with standards ISO 15031 e SAE J1979. In case of USB connection to the computer, DLworkspace provides an additional Scantool software and the car Dashboard.